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Analog circuits have a range of voltages, rather than just two as in digital logic.

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I am trying to simulate a 5th-order passive RC low-pass filter in LTspice. My requirements: Cutoff frequency: 500 kHz Input frequency range: 30 kHz – 500 kHz Signal amplitude: 1.5 V p-p Only R and C ...
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This is a Tone audio generator. The 4046 generates a tone and TL074 controls its threshold audio. Please consider the LM393 schematic, its output is 0 or -5V. I want to connect the LM393 to this audio ...
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I would like to measure the input/output impedance of some circuits from 1 MHz-200 MHz using a nanoVNA. PCB stackup is Sig/GND/GND/+5V, Sig does not have a ground pour on the same layer. Trace width ...
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I see multiple internal diagrams for the 555 timer IC. If I consider the following schematic, is the text below correct? (Also is this the correct diagram for the IC?) Author: EEGuide.com. Link: https:...
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Maybe it's very dumb question. But I'm just curious. For example I have On/Off switcher for some LED for indicate that you can start using some device. So this LED turning On from MC and signal rising ...
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What control (address, enable) voltages do i need if i want to drive a CD4067B that is powered with +/-12V? The datasheet is confusing. Is it 0V to VDD or is it VSS to around 0V? The part only accepts ...
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I tried to solve this question by applying KCL at the first inverting node and then applied it to the 2nd inverting node. The answer I got is \$V_o\$ = 66V, which is not possible, and for Point B = -...
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I have a problem with .op analysis in LTSpice. Below you can see a part of an audio amplifier I'm tinkering with. For most of the time, I just simply used a voltage source instead of a zener diode. I ...
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I have the following circuit in Virtuoso: R_L=100MOhms, and I1 is 10nA. We want to keep VOUT at around 1V, have both cascode transistors in saturation, and achieve an output resistance of the cascode ...
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While I was looking at the schematic for the Revolution PI Connect4 open-source industrial controller, I saw this attached reverse supply protection circuit. I don't understand why T101 is connected ...
electroeso's user avatar
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Please refer to the following app note: https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/sbaa374 It is a resistive circuit in front of a noninverting op amp to scale and level shift an (bipolar) input voltage. I get the ...
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I have been recently working on a really old electric vehicle and going through all electronics to understand how it works. I stumbled across this rather weird analogue circuit which uses comparators ...
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I'm building some BJT amplifiers, and I'm currently getting distortion values via Multisim simulations. However, I'm not fully sure about the results I've been getting, and I would like to double ...
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I have a LTC3833 based buck converter that I need to test. Simulations of the open loop transfer show a very low phase margin of 29 deg. I corrected this by adding a capacitor C1 of 47 pF to ITH as ...
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I’m currently trying to simulate a Rogowski coil implemented on a PCB, before moving to hardware design. The goal is to understand its electrical behavior — induced voltage, bandwidth, and the effect ...
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I'm testing the circuit above to realise a voltage subtraction operation. In phi1, charge C*(VIN-VCM) is charged at the bottom plate, and in phi2, the bottom plate is switched to VCM, so VOUT will be ...
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I have a PCB with UPD8872 CCD sensor that I took from an old scanner. I managed to solder the pins of the board to Arduino compatible wires and programmed the Arduino and, also, wrote desktop app that ...
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I need to measure the voltage from a precision analog circuit and apply this voltage to set open outputs of an analog MUX. To elaborate: I am designing a measurement system using a potentiostat to ...
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There is a flow sensor (volume of air per unit of time) AWM92100V. The principle of its operation: There is a heater, there are 2 thermistors on both sides of it. The air flow cools the 1st thermistor,...
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I'm working on a Phase-Modulation Circuit, and I have added the "AD734" IC instead of multiplying the carrier signal with the message signal using bi. The circuit loads to 51.3% and takes a ...
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While I was measuring various things in this amplifier design so I could understand it better, I tried to use a square wave as a source signal. I used pulse voltage source, specified parameters and ...
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In the circuit below, a switching signal (10 kHz) from V1, which has a differential voltage of 3.3 V, is isolated and fed into an op-amp configured as a differential amplifier. My question is: will ...
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I understand how the circuit behaves mathematically. I understand mathematically that $$i_c = C \times \frac{d(-v_\text{out})}{dt}$$ What I have trouble understanding is what is happening physically ...
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I'm messing with KiCAD. With that, I need to understand how to make circuits. Do I need that resistor? if so, before or after the switch? Thanks!
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Lately I've been reading Bob Cordell's "Designing Audio Power Amplifier" and while reading about the output stage (chapter 2.3 and 3.5) I got curious about the output impedance of ...
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I am building a POC with two COM-15208 buck-boost boards (5V/3.3V from 3.7V LiPo). Daily draw: ~1825 mAh (~76 mA avg). I have two 10000 mAh batteries available with me and I want to parallel two ...
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I am trying to make a voltage controlled Clapp oscillator but it seems to have this weird behavior I can't fix. And I don't understand why it has this issue. At low voltages for the varactors it seems ...
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I am having a hard time understanding it and I'm planning to use this concept for my true RMS to DC converter. Here is the source: https://usermanual.wiki/Document/snla140b.1643036625/view also here (...
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I am using AD5941 in my design. AD5941 AVDD and DVDD are powered separately using two regulators . Same LDO P/N is used.One for powering AVDD and the other for Powering DVDD. In my board, I have ...
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Consider the inverting op-amp circuit shown. The output voltage is given by $$ V_{\mathrm{out}}(\omega) = -\frac{Z_2(\omega)}{Z_1(\omega)} V_{\mathrm{in}}(\omega) $$ where $$ Z_1(\omega) = R_1, \qquad ...
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I am confused at how a Faraday cage can shield enclosed electronics without becoming an antenna. Situation 'A': Consider a particle inside an ungrounded metallic Faraday cage whose charge oscillates ...
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I have a couple of questions about the DC offset on the output of the power amplifier. Lately, I've been trying a couple of designs in LtSpice and I noticed that DC offset is much too high(or so I ...
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I have an argument with a friend regarding the voltage between N and P and the voltage at OUT. I say that for A = '1' and B = '0': If Kn > Kp, so the voltage between the NMOS and PMOS is Vdd-Vtn ...
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I am connecting TMUX1108 to electrochemical input of AD5941.AD5941 has only three GPIO pins.These GPIO lines will be connected to address lines of the MUX.No pin is available with AD5941 to control ...
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I’ve developed an elliptical circuit followed by 3 op-amp stages. The final output needs to go into an LPC4370 ADC (can’t be changed), which requires a differential input (100 mV to 900 mV range). I ...
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I’m trying to understand (and derive) the frequency equation for the classic triangle/square function generator made from an inverting integrator driven by a non-inverting Schmitt trigger. The ...
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I am using a LTM8058MPY component to step down from a 25-30 Vdc power source, to a Vout1=13Vdc lower voltage power. The configuration in question is an adaptation of the application examples that the ...
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I’m trying to add remote control to an existing low-power circuit. Between two contacts (labeled 6 and 7 in my schematic), there’s a voltage ranging from 3 V to 5.5 V and a current between 50 µA and ...
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May I know whether I am properly converting from mAs to mAh. If wrong please guide for the proper method. I am taking standby current to show my calculation. The chip is working on a 3.3 V supply and ...
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At the beginning, I wanted to say that English is not my first language, so I'm sorry for that. Also, it's probably a very stupid question, but I just want to know. Lately, I've been trying to learn ...
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I’ve trying to use THS4541 in my circuit but am getting the following error message: I know it relates to THS4541 but can’t figure out what’s the issue. I have created a symbol using LTSpice’s ...
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I need to send analogue audio into a mobile phone, preferably using a USB cable. I have connected the audio output to the mic input on an ordinary analogue-to-USB converter for 3.5mm TRRS headsets, ...
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Summary I've designed a beamforming circuit that uses two electret condenser microphones (ECMs) in a differential end-fire array and outputs to a bluetooth module's ADC for transmission. I explain my ...
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I’ve designed an elliptic low pass filter with a very steep roll-off around 18–20 MHz. The filter’s response is close to what I need, and the cutoff behavior is critical, so my goal is simply to shift ...
ambiguity 's user avatar
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I’m working on a Mixed signal project with another engineer and they have placed switch-mode power supply within 30mm to ADC. I know SMPS circuits are notorious noise generators, and ADCs are ...
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I am designing a 3.3V to 24V non-inverting level shifter. Input : STM32 Microcontroller GPIO- 3.3V (High ,Low) output : 24V , 24 mA (high low)to drive an SFH617A-3X007T opto-coupler, which has a ...
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Iam designing 3.3V to 24V Non Inverting Level Shifter by using NPN Transistor and P Channel Mosfet. Input : STM32 Microcontroller GPIO- 3.3V (High ,Low) output : 24V , 24 mA (High low)to Drive an ...
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I’m modifying a Perry TITE301/MC thermostat to change the temperature offset applied when the remote control is activated. By default, activating the remote (closing contacts 6 and 7) lowers the ...
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In this explanation video of active clamp fly back converter , at timestamp 32.45 minutes presenter explains , as switch M1 is turned off , current (I_Lkg) from L_lkg will pass to Cc and magnetizing ...
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I am designing a 3.3 V (From Microcontroller) to 24 V Logic Level Shifter. I am using a NPN transistor and P-channel MOSFET approach? Can I use this method or I have other idea to use a LM393 ...
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