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Voltage, otherwise known as electrical potential difference (denoted ∆V and measured in volts) is the difference in electric potential between two points (adapted from Wikipedia). Voltage can be constant (DC) or varying (AC).

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The circuit in the first current diagram is not functioning. Which connection among the following should be removed: 1 to 2, 2 to 3, 3 to 4, 3 to 6, 4 to 5, 5 to 6, or 6 to 1, to make the circuit ...
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I am using LTM4644EY#PBF in my design. I designed the circuit based on the datasheet and reference designs. I have attached the datasheet and reference design link for your reference. Evaluation board ...
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I'm working on debugging a Hardware OVP/OCP circuitry of a motor controller unit from this reference guide, I'm unable to understand how does the OCP Circuit work. How is the OCP circuit with the ...
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How to find the power delivered to each bulb of the 50 bulbs given in a circuit. Given that the bulbs are rated (240V, 240W), connected in parallel to light a long corridor. The copper wires have ...
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What is the difference and similarities with applying dc battery voltage and applying DC motor output voltage to a circuit or a DC motor with the same voltage (the same voltage we don't care about in ...
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I am building a load cycler to charge and discharge batteries. The part that is measuring the voltage of the battery is done via the analog pin of the Arduino. It is able to measure the voltage to ...
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The energy stored in a capacitor is \$\frac{1}{2}C\times{}V^2\$. Yet a potential difference is itself a measure of the energy stored per unit of charge. (with units Joule per Coulomb). Shouldn't the ...
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Let me start by saying I do not have a good grounding in analog electronics, I'm very much a beginner. There is a specific problem I'm trying to solve however, which I've been stuck on for the last ...
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I'm working on designing a circuit which involves NPN transistors, and I'm running into an interesting phenomenon that I don't quite understand; I'm observing current flowing in reverse direction ...
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I recently built a PCB that uses a LP38693SD-3.3 LDO to step down +5V to +3.3V. Today when I assembled all the components on the PCB I was surprised that the output of the LDO is +5V, the same as the ...
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In an electronics book by Robert Boylestad & Louis Nashelsky (snip above), it is given that for an enhancement-type MOSFET when \$V_{DS}\$ increases (with constant \$V_{GS}\$), \$V_{GD}\$ then ...
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I want to build some parts of a simple 4-bit computer (AU, LU, registers, what else comes to my mind). The problem is that with every logic gate/transistor the voltage is dropping. So how can I ...
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Imagine that I have a microgrid consisting of solar panels, a wind turbine, batteries, and various loads. I need the waveforms of the system current and voltage, as well as the phase shift between ...
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I am working on a schematic for a USB mux with multiple voltage input sources. Voltage can come from USB-C (V_USB1) or a separate input source to a LDO (+5V). When USB-C (V_USB1) is powered, the U5 ...
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Where I live, we use 220–240V to power our electronics. I have a 2200W hair dryer that draws up to 10A and a 100W charger that uses up to 0.5A. For the US (110–120V), the current draw would double (...
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The features clause in the datasheet (https://www.microchip.com/en-us/product/atf16lv8c) specifically mentions "Inputs are 5V Tolerant", but the DC characteristics specify VIH to be MAX Vcc+...
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I have an LVAC Switchboard with 3x Incomers, all fitted with a 250A 4P MCCB. On the incoming side of each incomer, I wire to a 25VA wye-wye voltage transformer 400/110VAC. The secondary side of the ...
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When I measure the voltages to GND I get the following: Anode: 3.3 V Cathode: 1.75 V However when I try to measure the voltage directly across it connecting the multimeter to the two terminals it ...
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"A joule (J) of work is done in moving a coulomb (C) of charge through a potential difference of 1V." So does 2 volts mean: A joule of work is done in moving two coulombs of charge through a ...
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Similar questions have been asked, but I'm having trouble finding a good answer. I spent all summer building an ice fishing house with a diesel heater that runs on 12VDC. In order to run the heater ...
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My girlfriend’s sister is moving to the United States from Brazil. She has a laptop with a 2.5 A 250v type N laptop charger. What converter/adapter would be needed to make this work? It seems like ...
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I've been experimenting with a simple rectifier circuit and wanted to share some observations. Without R1, the circuit functions as the well-known half-wave rectifier, where the capacitor quickly ...
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I am putting together a full bridge rectifier, see schematics. The load is connected to V+ and V-. Capacitors as low ESR and with respect to the standard formula. simulate this circuit – ...
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I have a question, really need your help here please. Trying to identify what component is this from the mainboard TXC-M E250336 which belongs to a JBL Link20. It has A25P 78 marked on it. I have ...
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I know that zener diods are generally do that but their saturation range (I am not sure if it is the accurate term) is like an exponential curve. For example, a 10v zener shows a very small resistance ...
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I have a Tripplite 750 A 12 V to 220 V inverter. When I plug it in, the breaker trips. I measured the secondary resistance for 220 V at 1.3 ohm. Is that normal? The primary resistance for 12 V is 0 ...
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I just learned what an autotransformer does, but I'm not understanding how it works. So, a typical transformer has a primary wire wound around a magnetic core with an AC source, which creates an ...
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I understand that under no-load conditions, a transformer behaves like a typical inductance coil with an impedance \$Z = j \omega L\$, essentially carrying only the magnetizing current \$I_\mu\$, ...
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I want to convert the -48V from rectifier output of telecom equipment to +12V DC. I'm considering the following schematic for that purpose: The rectifier controller has -48V DC and +VE DC bus bar, ...
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I have the following schematic loaded in EasyEda Simulator mode. For some reason I get 3.615v instead of the 2.93v. Am I doing something wrong, or is the simulator just messing with me?
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I am thinking of using a microcontroller to do engine control on a gasoline motor (a 1950's Briggs and Stratton) and using its own accessory magneto to supply the microcontroller. My first idea is to ...
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I noticed that my laptop battery percentage drops faster at low percentages. I am wondering why. For instance, the drop from 20 to 0 is much faster than the drop from 100 to 80 percent. I've heard ...
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My son has a vehicle in which the headlights keep randomly burning out. They may last a month, a day or a year. I know only a small amount about electronics but i assume that there is too much ...
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Could you please help me understand how this circuit works? In my RF classes I was introduced the Charge pump and at some point we were given these two following schematics: NOTE: I have no idea where ...
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What is this 6-pin SMD IC marked IV7NM? I think is a voltage regulator or a MOSFET. It was in a Jdiag 200.
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I have a 1.2-4.5vdc output from a hall sensor throttle control and I need 0-5vdc signal for the input of a bldc motor controller. I'm not sure of the input signal current needs of the controller. I ...
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Here is example 3.9 (page 53) from Hayt "Engineering Circuit Analysis" (8th edition). I believe that the following equation is not correct. \$ -3 + \frac{v}{5} + \frac{v}{5} = 0\$ It should ...
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I'm working on this SMPS circuit (recommended by STMicroelectronics). If you have any suggestions for improvement feel free to comment that. As you can see, the output has 12.05V, but I want to add ...
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I have a small electric motor (from a trimmer). I see this behaviour: when I apply 2.5 VDC (from 2 AA batteries) to the motor, it works smoothly. when I apply 4.2 VDC (from an adapter) to the motor, ...
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I've been having some trouble getting my below voltage to frequency converter to work as intended. Before anyone says this, I will say that I expect the frequency to be non-linear in proportion to the ...
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I am using a JMACD-26XM TE Connectivity relay for a DC voltage control circuit. I just realized that the measured voltage at the site is 28.5VDC, therefore, higher coil power rating. Will it burn the ...
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VG1 is an AC (sine wave) signal with a voltage of ±50V. I need to scale down this voltage and shift it from bipolar (±3.3V) to unipolar (0 to +3.3V) using an op-amp. The op-amp should operate with ...
Veena's user avatar
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I've searched the web and didn't find an answer that suitably answers my query. I have a dc-dc buck / step-down converter. Input range: 72-144 V DC. Output: 5 V 60 A. My question: Is there a ...
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I have an old AC motor that powers a jointer machine for woodworking from the late 70s. The plate has incomplete specs for the voltage. In other words, the voltage in the plate seems to have been ...
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I am currently investigating the EN 61010 standard. I have to protect my circuit for transient overvoltages in CAT 3. This results in impulse withstand voltage peaks of 4 kV on the mains supply. I ...
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Given input voltages \$\{ V_{x 1}, V_{x 2}, \ldots, V_{xn} \}\$, we want to obtain output voltages \$\{ V_{y 1}, V_{y 2}, \ldots, V_{yn} \}\$ such that: Each output voltage \$V_{yi}\$ is proportional ...
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I am repairing an old high voltage power supply. The supply has a step-up transformer with 500V and 20V secondaries. The 500V is further increased to 1000V with the help of the diode doubler circuit,...
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I am building an embedded circuit for a home project. I have a voltage source providing 5 V and a maximum current of 200 mA (or 500 mA peak), and I want to use it to connect my 3.3 V homemade device. ...
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I've done all the necessary calculations, but I don't understand what values I should set on the devices. Please help me
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I have two lithium batteries which I test with a purely resistive 755 Ω load: battery A: CR2032, nominal voltage 3 V; actual voltage 2.97 V without load, 2.24 V with load battery B: CR2025, nominal ...
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