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I am looking for books that deal with holomorphic functions with values in Banach spaces that discuss, state and prove analogues of classical results from classical ($ \mathbb{C}$-valued) Complex Analysis such as holomorphic $\Leftrightarrow$ analytic, Goursat's Lemma, Cauchy's theorem, Morera's theorem etc ; I am not looking to dig deep in to the theory, but I would rather appreciate a detailed/beginner-friendly exposition of the material I described (if such a reference exists). One result I need is that uniform limits of Banach space-valued holomorphic functions is again holomorphic (or Morera's theorem in case it implies that result just like in the scalar case) so a reference that contains the proof of that result would be very welcome.

Regarding my background, I have studied some basic measure theory, Functional and Complex Analysis. Also, I have just started looking into integration for functions $f:S \rightarrow X$ where $S$ is a measure space and $X$ is a Banach space (Bochner integral), but I haven't studied holomorphic functions with values in Banach spaces before.

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  • $\begingroup$ John B Conway’s book (A course in functional analysis) has a complete and accessible section about the holomorphic functional calculus. In the second edition it is on chapter VII, section 4. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 5, 2021 at 23:36
  • $\begingroup$ @AlonsoDelfín Thank you for your asnwer. One result I need is that uniform limits of Banach-valued holomorphic functions are holomorphic $(*)$. In the scalar case, that is proved using Morera's theorem. Do you know where I can find a proof of that result or Morera's theorem if the same proof for $(*)$ works? $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 5, 2021 at 23:47
  • $\begingroup$ is the domain of your functions $\Bbb{C}$ or $\Bbb{C}^n$ or an arbitrary Banach space? Because if the domain is $\Bbb{C}$ and the target is a Banach space, then several results follow trivially from the one-dimensional case using Hahn-Banach. If the domain is $\Bbb{C}^n$, then things are still not too bad because power series are easily defined. If the domain is a Banach space, it's slightly trickier. Anyway, a reference is Complex Analysis in Banach Spaces by Jorge Mujica $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 6, 2021 at 0:01
  • $\begingroup$ The domain is the strip $S=\{z \in \mathbb{C}: 0<Re(z)<1\}$. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 6, 2021 at 0:04
  • $\begingroup$ ok fine. in my comment I really meant to ask "is the domain an open subset of $\Bbb{C}$, or $\Bbb{C}^n$ or an arbitrary Banach space". In your case, the domain is a nice (convex) open subset of $\Bbb{C}$, so several basic results can immediately be extended to the case where the target space is Banach using Hahn-Banach theorem. If you'd like I can outline a proof for one such theorem extension. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 6, 2021 at 0:07

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Once you understand the basic trick of using Hahn-Banach to reduce everything to the situation where the target space is $\Bbb{C}$, I'm sure you can easily extend several results by yourself. What I did a few months back (and what I recommend you do) is pick your favorite complex analysis text (e.g I took Cartan), and I went through each of the basic theorem one-by one and extended them to the case where the target is an arbitrary Banach space, and the domain is an open subset of $\Bbb{C}^n$. Usually such extensions aren't too hard. Of course, from time to time I would refer to Mujica's text to see if I was missing out any details in the argument.

As an example of how Hahn-Banach can be used here, I shall prove Cauchy's integral formula:

Let $U\subset \Bbb{C}$ be an open set, $X$ a complex Banach space, and $f:U\to X$ a holomorphic mapping. Let $z\in U$ and let $\gamma:[a,b]\to U$ be a $C^1$ loop such that $z\notin \text{image}(\gamma)$. Then, \begin{align} I(\gamma,z)f(z)&=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\gamma}\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z}\,d\zeta \end{align} where $I(\gamma,z)$ denotes the index of $\gamma$ wrt $z$ (which is $+1$ for a circle containing $z$ "inside" of it).

Just so we're clear, by holomorphic on $U$, I mean once-complex differentiable at every point of $U$ ($X$ is a Banach space, so the difference quotient makes sense and limits make sense). Also, on the RHS, I'm referring to the Bochner integral of a continuous function $[a,b]\to X$, namely $\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_a^b\frac{f(\gamma(t))}{\gamma(t)-z}\,\gamma'(t)\,dt$.

We prove this by letting $\lambda\in X^*$ be arbitrary (i.e a continuous linear map $X\to\Bbb{C}$). Then, note that $\lambda\circ f:U\to\Bbb{C}$ is holomorphic (chain rule), so by the one-dimensional Cauchy-integral formula, \begin{align} \lambda\bigg(I(\gamma,z)f(z)\bigg)&=I(\gamma,z)(\lambda\circ f)(z)\\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\gamma}\frac{(\lambda\circ f)(\zeta)}{\zeta-z}\,d\zeta\tag{by 1D version}\\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\gamma}\lambda\left(\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z}\right)\,d\zeta\tag{since $\lambda$ is linear}\\ &=\lambda\left(\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\gamma}\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z}\,d\zeta\right) \end{align} In the last line, I used one of the basic properties of Bochner integrals, that for a Bochner-integrable function $\phi:S\to X$ from a measure space $S$ to a Banach space $X$, and $\lambda\in X^*$, we have $\lambda(\int_S\phi\,d\mu)=\int_S(\lambda\circ \phi)\,d\mu$ (in our case, you may wish to write out $\int_{\gamma}$ as an integral over $[a,b]$ to see that I'm using the theorem with $S=[a,b]$ and $\mu$ being Lebesgue measure).

Now, since $\lambda\in X^*$ was arbitrary, the Hahn-Banach theorem tells us the two things inside of $\lambda$ must be equal: \begin{align} I(\gamma,z)f(z)&=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{\gamma}\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z}\,d\zeta \end{align}


From here of course, the fact that "holomorphic on a disc $D_R(a)$ implies analytic on the disc $D_R(a)$" follows immediately by Taylor expanding the integrand as in the single variable case (I'm being slightly sloppy here, see this answer for the correct details). We fix $0<r<R$, then (by the just-established Banach-valued case of Cauchy's integral formula) \begin{align} f(z)&=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{|\zeta-a|=r}\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-z}\,d\zeta\\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{|\zeta-a|=r}\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-a}\cdot\frac{1}{1-\frac{z-a}{\zeta-a}}\,d\zeta\\ &=\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{|\zeta-a|=r}\frac{f(\zeta)}{\zeta-a}\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(\frac{z-a}{\zeta-a}\right)^n\,d\zeta\\ &=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\left(\frac{1}{2\pi i}\int_{|\zeta-a|=r}\frac{f(\zeta)}{(\zeta-a)^{n+1}}\,d\zeta\right)\cdot (z-a)^n, \end{align} where, as explained in the link, the exchange of series integral is possible due to uniform convergence.

This proves "holomorphic implies analytic". The fact that "analytic implies holomorphic" is much easier; simply take your favorite complex-analysis book and look at the proof there. The fact that $f$ is Banach-valued makes no difference (just replace absolute values by norms in appropriate places).

Now that you have the equivalence of holomorphic and analytic, I doubt you'll need Goursat's lemma (but you can still prove it if you want; just use Hahn-Banach to reduce to the one-dimensional case, and then invoke the already-known version of Goursat's lemma). Likewise, you can prove Morera's theorem, and establish Cauchy's inequalities, Louiville's theorem. With Morera's theorem in the Banach-case, you can once again prove that uniform limits of holomorphic functions are holomorphic.

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  • $\begingroup$ Thank you so much for giving such a detailed exposition. I will try to follow your guidelines and I will take a closer look at your arguments tomorrow! $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 6, 2021 at 1:14
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    $\begingroup$ @WalterWhite sure. and if I had to summarize the reasoning into one sentence it is "by Hahn-Banach and the fact that linear functionals commute with integrals". $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 6, 2021 at 1:16
  • $\begingroup$ The Riemann integral would work just fine here. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 6, 2021 at 4:33
  • $\begingroup$ @PeterMorfe oh yes, that's right. I wanted to mention that in my final paragraph but forgot to. $\endgroup$ Commented Aug 6, 2021 at 4:37
  • $\begingroup$ Very nice answer : ) thanks $\endgroup$ Commented May 4, 2023 at 9:07

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