Questions tagged [double-spending]
Use this tag for questions related to Double Spending: A double spend is an attack where the given set of coins is spent in more than one transaction.
34 questions
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Detection of conflicting transactions and the guarantee of detection before confirmation is attained
I have two basic questions regarding the working of the Tangle, which is unclear to me.
How are conflicting transactions detected in the Tangle?
Suppose we have two conflicting transactions 'w' and '...
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double spend script is not working!
I'm running a private tangle network (GoShimmer 1.7.2) using Docker https://goshimmer.docs.iota.org/tooling/docker_private_network.html
I want to try a double spend. there is a script to do that in ...
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how is consensus achieved in simple terms?
im desperate to understand,i seriously tried
im new to iota but it is quite hard to understand how consensus is achieved in iota, and what is the transaction structure ? i also don't understand what ...
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Tangle : Algorithm to determine if a transaction is valid or not
A node needs to verify that all transaction that it receives are valid before adding it to its local copy of tangle. For this we would need an algorithm which given the cone of this transaction would ...
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Circumventing spending by sending previous transaction using same input
I will give a scenario because my problem might be confusing if explained otherwise.
Let's say a customer is checking out at a store using IOTA. Before the customer proceeds to checkout they send a ...
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what is the Mathematical principle of the tangle
how do i get the probability of the douple-spending?
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Relativity of simultaneity in observing the best confirmed double-spend in a COO-less Tangle
How is the 'Relativity of simultaneity' in observing the best confirmed double-spend in a COO-less Tangle resolved?
For example, in answering this question, it was answered that the double-spend "...
user1543
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How can the transactions in the Tangle be ordered temporally?
I do not understand how the IOTA Tangle DAG indicates by its structure the temporal order when two spends are on separate, independent, branches.
It is possible that two transactions occur and are ...
user1543
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How does Trinity know if an address is being reused on a fresh install AND a new Snapshot?
If a user reuses an address, then the funds might be in jeaporady. Given that, at the moment, the Trinity wallet knows that the user has an active address from the snapshot, and from any recorded ...
user1543
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Sybil attack with IOTA?
The solutions to attacks proposed by IOTA white paper seems unclear, in particular, in case of double-spending, it remains unclear what stops a computationally powerful adversary from conducting a ...
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impact of a single double-spend to the network
I just start looking at iota, the general tangle without Coordinator. I am reading the this presentation about the consensus mechanism, where I'm confused about the impact of a single double-spend to ...
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What is the absolute minimum cumulative weight that a transaction must have to be considered confirmed by a vendor?
I assume that referencing a Milestone is not sufficient for a vendor (exchange). That is, they must be making sure that both a Milestone is referenced AND that some time or cumulative weight threshold ...
user1543
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Large Weight Attack - does the Coordinator protect against this?
In a large weight attack, a double spend is created and tangle of transactions is build upon it ensuring that when the double spend is finally broadcast, the cumulative weight of it's tips outweighs ...
user1543
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When can a transaction be considered irreversable? (without COO)
In an interesting exchange between Come-From-Beyond (CFB) and a Nxt developer, the question is asked:
DEV. So when can a transaction be considered irreversable?
CFB. Never, look at formula #14 in ...
user1543
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How to compute the % of network computing power the attacker hold?
It is known generally that Tangle is susceptible to 34% attack(of total computing power) that gives a 100% successful attack. The example given on page 19 of white paper says that an upper limit to ...
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What does a node do if the two selected tips it has to validate are inconsistent?
Every article or blog post that I found only goes to the point where a node has selected two tips via the MCMC walk and checked them for consistency (and then states that if they are inconsistent the ...
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how to relate computing power of attacker to transaction rate of attacker?
Assume that the merchant accepts the legitimate transaction when its cumulative weight becomes at least w_0, which happens t_0 time units after the original legitimate transaction. let μ stand for the ...
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"The Tangle" white paper: How the probability of double-spending event end with this approximation (t_0 μ)/w_1?
If the attacker managed to obtain a nonce that gives the double‐ spending transaction a weight of at least 3n0 during the time interval of length t0, then the attack succeeds. The probability of this ...
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Why choose to use weights in the tangle?
Is it not enough to validate a transaction simply by confirming that the sender actually has X amount to send? What benefit is there to using weights?
And even if that transaction is already ...
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What is a conflicting transaction?
The term is used many times on the whitepaper but I can't find a definition. What would be examples of a conflicting transaction?
Extract form Whitepaper:
The main idea of the tangle is the ...
user1710
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Is double spending possible in IOTA?
It is mentioned in Tangle's white paper (technology behind IOTA) that
From the above discussion it is important to recognize that the inequality λ > μ should be true for the system to be secure. In ...
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Finding a double-spending inner conflict referencing two tips
I think that IOTA Transactions, Confirmation and Consensus is a very good reading. It helped me a lot on understanding IOTA protocol working.
Nevertheless I have a doubt: regarding the Double Spend ...
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Sending IOTA Question
If I send IOTA to an address and it is in a pending state, can I generate a new address and send a second transaction or do I have to wait until the first one confirms? So is it ok to have 2 pending ...
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What happens with transactions e and f in this example?
I was looking at the best answer of the following thread (Without the Coordinator, how will the network decide which double-spend succeeds?) and asking myself what will happen to the transactions e, f ...
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Without the Coordinator, how will the network decide which double-spend succeeds?
Since each double spend, from its perspective, is a valid transaction, they are equally likely to be selected as tips. How will multiple parties agree for certain which one has confirmed, in a timely ...
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How to determine how quickly the network detects double-spends?
In the question "How does the system sustain regular low-effort "splitting attacks"?" a scenario about the ability to disrupt the network by spamming double-spends and having the network ...
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What does it mean that "the tangle is network-bound instead of hash-power-bound like blockchain"?
Can someone explain me in a very simple way what should an attacker do to double spend in IOTA?
In the whitepaper I read that a double spend transaction should outweigh the legitimate subtangle. ...
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Can I be forced to reuse an address by confirming a transaction that is part of a double-spend attempt?
Imagine somebody injects two transactions d1 and d2 into the network that together represent a double-spend attempt. Having only incomplete information of all latest transactions in the network, I see ...
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What is the difference between "double-spending" and "address-reuse"?
As far as I understood:
double-spending: is when you do a second outgoing transaction while another one is still in pending. (this is possible only with Android wallet, because the light wallet [...
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How can you have side chains and still protect against double spending?
I know one of the goals of Iota is to allow off-tangle transaction, wether that is with side chains or flash channels or some other offline solution. These seperate transaction deliberately do not ...
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CASE STUDY - What can I do if I have a pending transaction that can't be confirmed because the balance now is less than the transaction?
This is a case study that I'm experiencing in real life. I'm trying to replicate the issue.
Wallet A - Balance 3i
Wallet B - Balance 0i
Wallet C - Balance 0i
I'm sending 3i from wallet A to wallet B....
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Is it possible to cancel a transaction?
I made a transaction from Android wallet to Exchange A of 10Gi. The transaction is in pending. I tried a few times to reattach, but the transaction is still in pending.
I made a second transaction ...
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How long should it takes before I can consider an outgoing transaction that is still in pending as failed?
This is a different question born from the discussion in "How do I know if a pending transaction will be successful?"
I'd like to know WHEN I have the green light to try to do a second transaction in ...
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How do I know if a pending transaction will be successful?
When I send or receive IOTA, I first see the transaction in my wallet as in pending. As the time pass, the transaction is still in pending. I have to wait half an hour minimum to do the reattach. And ...
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