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I'm having a mixer IC working in the frequency as below:

LO frequency: 4.9 GHz (generated by internal VCO) Port1 RF: 2.5 GHz Port2 IF: 2.4 GHz

I want to measure the RF-to-IF isolation (that means I want to know how many dB that the 2.5 GHz signal from RF port is attenuated when it leak to the IF port)

Can I use a standard network analyzer (VNA) with S-parameter measurement to obtain the result of RF-IF isolation (S21). And if yes, what is the state of VCO in that measurement?

I really appreciate any suggestions.

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  • \$\begingroup\$ I don't see why this would be any different than any other 2-port (RF Input to IF output) measurement. The VNA doesn't need to "know" about the 3rd port (LO input), right? Unless you also want some LO->IF data. \$\endgroup\$ Commented Mar 12 at 0:56
  • \$\begingroup\$ Thanks, I got your point. RF-IF isolation is my only concern Normally, S-parameter measurements do not capture the frequency conversion So does the VNA, when we input signal at RF (2.5GHz) the output at the VNA expect to receive the same frequency (which is not this case because of the frequency conversion), unless I turn the VCO off My question is if the result in that situation captures the right isolation performance I tried doing the simulation in candence with hbsp sim and see minimal difference between two cases (with and without VCO) \$\endgroup\$ Commented Mar 12 at 1:27
  • \$\begingroup\$ Maybe your problem is that the RF and IF are so close together? \$\endgroup\$ Commented Mar 12 at 12:50

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A double balanced mixer will ideally have infinite isolation from port to port. What you are measuring as isolation is therefore the defect in balancing all of the mixer components.

Some elements of the mixer will leak regardless of whether it has an LO drive or not, for instance the geometry of the package and wires. The switching elements will change when driven. The mixer will only be used when driven, so this is the more important case of the two to measure.

Typically it's the unbalance in the stray capacitance of the elements that would leak in the undriven case. When driven, it's the unbalance in their conductivity. This difference makes a measure of undriven leakage more or less irrelevant.

As a VNA is typically a superheterodyne receiver, expecting to receive just the one specific frequency, it's likely it can be upset by some odd unexpected signals leaking into it. You may find that at some LO drive frequencies, the VNA produces obviously wrong results. It should be possible to alter the LO drive slightly to avoid these problems.

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